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The function of a stethoscope in patient care is primarily to assess heart and lung sounds. By placing the stethoscope on different areas of the chest and back, healthcare providers can listen for various sounds that indicate the condition of the heart and lungs. This includes detecting normal heartbeats, irregular rhythms, breathing sounds, and possible abnormalities like wheezing or crackles, which can suggest underlying health issues.

Using a stethoscope is crucial for performing thorough physical assessments and can provide valuable insights into a patient's cardiovascular and respiratory health. It enables healthcare professionals to gather important data to make informed decisions regarding diagnosis and treatment.

Other options mention functions like measuring blood pressure, checking blood glucose levels, and monitoring skin temperature, which typically require different specialized equipment and techniques. While blood pressure may sometimes be assessed with a stethoscope as part of a manual measurement technique, it is not the primary function of the instrument itself. Therefore, the correct choice reflects the stethoscope's specific purpose in evaluating vital sounds of the heart and lungs.